Nitrogen metabolism in flag leaf and grain of wheat in response to irrigation regimes

Although scarcity of irrigation water is one of the key limiting factors for wheat production in many regions of the world, by using partial irrigation at strategic times during the growing season, it might be possible to enhance productivity. We measured the changes in various parameters related to nitrogen (N) metabolism in flag leaf and grain of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants (cv. Jinan 17 and Lumai 21), which were subjected to five irrigation regimes until physiological maturity. Severely deficient or excessive irrigation during grain filling decreased the photosynthetic rate (A), the concentrations of N, free amino acid, and soluble protein, as well as the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and endopeptidase (EP) activity, though grain protein concentration might mainly depend on genotype. The activities of NR and GS were significantly positively correlated with A, but those of EP were significantly negatively correlated with A. The results indicate that while severe water stress aggravates the adverse effect on nitrogen metabolism, excessive soil moisture is also not useful during the grain‐filling stage, resulting in lower grain yield and quality. Our results suggest that applying an optimal irrigation regime in wheat fields still plays an important role in the improvement of grain yield and quality.     

精心组织领导 放手拍卖“四荒” 继续加快小流域治理开发的步伐

精心组织领导放手拍卖“四荒”继续加快小流域治理开发的步伐王文学（山西省人民政府，太原０３００７２）山西省第五次小流域治理工作会议，是在党的十四大提出建立社会主义市场经济体制，各项重大改革措施相继出台的形势下召开的。会议的中心议题，就是按照中央领导同志...     

三川河流域重点治理的成效和做法

全国水土保持重点治理区之一的三川河流域,十年治理水土流失面积1129km~2,累计治理度达到57.6％,平均治理速度4.1％,其中第一期71条重点小流域治理度达73.4％,年均治理速度5.6％。通过重点治理,全流域人均基本农田达到0.11hm~2,人均经济林0.055hm~2,生态环境初步改善,多种经营迅速发展,国民生产总值每年以7.8％的速率递增,98.7％的贫困户脱贫,年均输入黄河的泥沙量较治理前减少50％以上,治理成效显著。并在实施治理中创造和摸索出一套行之有效的组织领导经验。     

边界积分方程法在工程机械结构件强度计算中的应用

采用弹性问题的Ｋｅｌｖｅｎ基本解，建立了边界积分方程的两种离散求解方法。编制了相应的计算程序。对两种对称工况下ＺＬ８０装载机动臂板强度、ＺＬ６０Ｅ装载机铰接系统铰接点区域应力场进行了计算。同时，进行了实车应力测试，对计算结果进行了验证     

极端气候条件下冬小麦产量构成及成因分析

对冬小麦极端气象年份的气候特征与小麦地上部生长发育状况进行了分析比较。在2003年寒冬冷春、日照偏少、春雨偏多的气候条件下，与2002年相比，冬小麦主要生育期分别推迟4～18 d，单位面积茎数(峰值)减少29.1%；生物量及叶面积系数大幅下降；穗粒数、千粒重虽分别提高6.37粒和3.21 g，但有效穗数降幅较大(320.84万穗/hm²)，仍导致减产612.29 kg/hm²。分析结果认为，在气候异常年份，改进播种制度，调整播种量，间接调控单位面积穗数，可有效提高产量。     

黄河流域水土保持梯田建设

黄河流域水土保持梯田建设高荣乐（黄委会黄河上中游管理局，西安７１００４３）一、梯田建设的发展历程黄河流域坡地修成梯田的历史悠久，有明确记述及可考证的是在明清两代。古代农民在坡地耕作中沿等高线留地界使坡面逐步形成阶梯状，这是黄河流域梯田最早形成的方式。...     

黄土高原风沙区综合治理关键措施组合模式

通过对黄土高原风沙区已治理典型小流域水土保持治理措施的总结,选择基础资料比较详实的典型区,从土壤侵蚀、治理目标、关键措施及其相互之间关系等方面进行典型调查分析比较和效益评估,探讨了水土保持综合治理关键措施与组合方案。目前,在西部大开发中,风沙区的生态环境势必要优先考虑,统筹安排。否则不仅西部大开发难以顺利进行,也将会直接影响到东部地区经济的持续、稳定发展和人民生活质量的进一步提高。研究风沙区综合治理对实施以减沙治沙、恢复重建生态环境为目的的水土保持生态环境建设具有十分重要的意义。     

The leaves of Pelargonium sidoides may substitute for its roots in the treatment of bacterial infections

Pelargonium sidoides (Geraniaceae) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of various infections including tuberculosis and bronchitis. Traditionally, only the roots of the plant are used for medicinal formulations in the Eastern Cape. In addition to traditional uses, there is a great demand for the plant for export, therefore, the rate of its harvesting and the number of its collector has increased in recent years. This has led to a drastic drop in the population of the species in the wild. A method that could achieve the sustainable harvesting of P. sidoides would be to substitute its shoot for the roots in medicinal formulations. A comparative study of the antibacterial activities of the leaves and the roots of the plant was conducted on the materials collected from three different populations. Generally, both the shoot and the roots of P. sidoides have antimicrobial properties. There was no significant observable difference between the MIC of extracts from both parts. The choice of the root by the traditional healers over the leaves may be arbitrary or due to easy collection. The leaves of P. sidoides may, as well, substitute for its roots in medicinal formulations especially in the treatment of bacterial diseases like tuberculosis and bronchitis.     

A phenetic analysis and lateral key of the genus Lolium (Gramineae)

88 herbarium specimens of the genus Lolium were scored for 22 characters, comprising 7 vegetative, 8 inflorescence and 7 seed characters. The aim was to review the species relationship and to produce a lateral key to the genus. The data were analysed using principal components analysis, discriminant function analysis and cluster analysis. All analyses separated L. perenne, L. multiflorum and L. temulentum from each other. The 2 varieties of L. rigidum showed varying degrees of separation from each other and from L. multiflorum. Their distinction as a species and as 2 varieties is discussed. L. perenne and L. rigidum were shown to contain the greatest similarity between species and L. temulentum was found to be the most distinct. A lateral key is proposed that separates the species on the basis of 11 morphological characters that are easily scored in the field.     

深化水土保持改革 加快治理开发步伐

深化水土保持改革加快治理开发步伐汪上和（水利部黄委会农村水利水土保持局，郑州４５６００３）全国八片水土保持重点地区第十次工作会议在甘肃省定西县召开，是对黄河流域四片二期重点治理工作的极大促进，也是全面宣传推广定西重点治理经验的好机会。定西人民发扬“三...